Tag: r ggplot2

R: ggplot using facets

On By Ben Larson Ph.D.In R, VizualizationLeave a comment

In this example I am going to teach you to use facets to add another level to your ggplot data visualizations. In this example we will be working with the ChickWeight data set from R Datasets

First, let’s check out the data by running head()

head(ChickWeight)

facet1.jpg

We have 4 columns in our data, weight, Time, Chick, and Diet.

Now, let’s build our ggplot model. Below, we are setting our model to a variable “p1”. We then set ChickWeight as our data set and the weight column to our x axis. Remember, nothing will happen when running the line below.

p1 <- ggplot(data=ChickWeight, aes(x=weight))

Now lets graph our plot as a histogram – we will set our binwidth to 10 – if any of this confusing you, go back and check out my earlier lessons on ggplot and ggplot histograms

p1 + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10)

facet2.jpg

Let’s now add some color. I am going to set our “fill” to be Diet

p1 + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10, aes(fill=Diet))

facet3.jpg

Now, using facets, I am going to take it one step further and separate this into 4 histograms, one for each diet.

 p1 + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10, aes(fill=Diet)) + facet_grid(Diet~.)

facet4.jpg

The Code

#-- Look at data

head(ChickWeight)

#-- build ggplot model
p1 <- ggplot(data=ChickWeight, aes(x=weight))

#--plot ggplot as histogram
p1 + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10)

#-- set fill color to Diet
p1 + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10, aes(fill=Diet))

#-- create four histograms - one for each Diet
p1 + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10, aes(fill=Diet)) + facet_grid(Diet~.)

 

 

 

R: ggplot – Histograms

On By Ben Larson Ph.D.In R, VizualizationLeave a comment

Let’s make a Histogram using ggplot

First step, import the ggplot2 library

library(ggplot2)

Now let’s look at our data. In this example I am using chickwts from R Data

head(chickwts)

str(chickwts)

histogram1.jpg

As you can see above, this data contains 2 columns weight ( numeric) and feed(Factor with 6 levels)

Histogram

In a histogram, we don’t need to worry about assigning a Y axis, the Y axis is the frequency count of our X variable.

Let’s set our data and x axis in ggplot. Let’s also assign it to variable.

pl <- ggplot(data=chickwts, aes(x=weight))

Now we can use the assigned variable in conjunction with our geom()

pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10)

In our geom, I set a binwidth. This tells us how wide to make our bars. Setting binwidth to 10 makes each bar 10 units wide.

histogram2

Let’s give it some color

pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10, fill="blue")

histogram3.jpg

Now, let’s set our colors based on our 2nd column “feed”. Note how a legend is automatically generated.

pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10, aes(fill=feed))

histogram4.jpg

For the finishing touch, let’s add some black bordering around our boxes.

pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10, aes(fill=feed), color="black")

histogram5.jpg

The Code

library(ggplot2)

head(chickwts)

#-- look at structure
str(chickwts)

#set data and x axis value
pl <- ggplot(data=chickwts, aes(x=weight))

#create histogram, binwidth 10
pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10)

#change bars to blue
pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10, fill="blue")

#set color of bars by feed column values 
pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10, aes(fill=feed))

#add black border around boxes
pl + geom_histogram(binwidth=10, aes(fill=feed), color="black")

R: Intro to ggplot()

On By Ben Larson Ph.D.In RLeave a comment

ggplot() is a powerful graphing tool in R. While it is more complex to use than qplot(), its added complexity comes with advantages.

Don’t worry about the complexity, we are going to step into it slowly.

Let’s start by getting a data set. I am going to choose airquality from the R data sets package. You can find a list of data sets from that package here: Link

ggplotIntro

We are going to manipulate some of this data, so first let us set the dataframe to a new variable.

Next, take a look at the structure – str() – we have 6 variables and 153 rows. The first thing I notice is that Month is an int – I don’t want that. I would rather have Month be a factor      (a categorical variable)

ggplotIntro1.jpg

Use factor() to set Month to a factor. Now look at str() readout again. There are 5 levels (months) represented in our data set

ggplotIntro3

ggplot()

here is the basic syntax – ggplot(data, aes(x value, y value))+geom_[type of plot]

ggplot(data = airQ,  aes(x = Wind, y = Temp)) + geom_point()

ggplotIntro4

Now let’s add some color to the chart. Inside aes() – which stands for aesthetics – we are going to add color = Month

 ggplot(data = airQ, aes(x = Wind, y = Temp, color = Month)) + geom_point()

ggplotIntro5

Now add some size. Inside aes() add size = Ozone.

ggplot(data = airQ, aes(x = Wind, y = Temp, color = Month, size = Ozone)) + geom_point()

ggplotIntro6

The Code

library(ggplot2)

head(airquality)

#-- assign data to a new variable
airQ <- airquality

#-- look at structure
str(airquality)

#-- set month as a factor
airQ$Month <- factor(airQ$Month)
str(airQ)

#-- plot wind vs temp - scatter plot
 ggplot(data = airQ, aes(x = Wind, y = Temp)) + geom_point()
 
#-- plot add factor (Month) as a color
 ggplot(data = airQ, aes(x = Wind, y = Temp, color = Month)) + geom_point()
 
#-- set Ozone as a size element
ggplot(data = airQ, aes(x = Wind, y = Temp, color = Month, size = Ozone)) + geom_point()

R: Intro to qplot()

On By Ben Larson Ph.D.In R2 Comments

qplot() stands for Quick Plot. It is an easy to use plotting tool for R. In order to use qplot(), you need to have ggplot2 installed. To see if you have it, just type the following:

library(ggplot2)

If you get an error, you will need to install the package. To install package:

install.packages("ggplot2")

library(ggplot2)

Okay, now let’s get some data. R comes will a great collection of data sets you can work with. You can search Google for R data sets. A great source is also the following webpage: https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/datasets/html/00Index.html

I have decided for this exercise to use the ChickWeight data set listed below.

qplot.jpg

To access the dataset in R, simply use the name.

As you can see, the data set contains 4 columns, weight, Time, Chick, Diet

head(ChickWeight)

qplot1.jpg

Using qplot(), we can get right down to plotting. The basic syntax is: qplot(data, x value)

qplot(data=ChickWeight, x = weight)

Notice qplot() automatically labeled our axis. It even created automatic bins for us.

qplot2.jpg

Let’s add a y value

qplot(data=ChickWeight, x = weight, y = Time)

qplot3

Let’s add Diets to the mix now.

qplot(data=ChickWeight, x= weight, y = Time, color =Diet)

What jumps out at me right away is the fact the Diet 1 always seems to trail in weight, while Diet 4 seems to lead in weight gain in the earlier weeks, but it is overtaken by 2 and 3 starting around week 12.

qplot4.jpg

Now let us add a size element to our graph

qplot(data=ChickWeight, x= Time, y = Chick,size=weight, color =Diet)

Now we have Chick’s on the y axis, Time on the X, the size of the dot correlates to weight and the color is diet.

The first thing I notice now is that our data is skewed. We have a lot more chicks on diet 1 than on the other 3 diets. That could effect how we read this data.

qplot5.jpg

And finally, one more just for fun.

qplot(data=ChickWeight, x= weight, y = Chick, color =Diet)

qplot6.jpg